N.B. There will be an easy read version at the bottom of the post.
There is also different language versions of the easy read at the bottom of the post (Mandarin Chinese, Hindi and Spanish at the moment)
Hopefully most people will have heard of the following acronym - FAST. This stands for
F - Face
A - Arms
S - Speech
T - Time
Face - so you are looking to see if both sides of their face are equal / symmetrical. You can ask them to smile and it may be that one side is weaker than the other. One side of the face may be drooping.
Arms - ask them to raise their arms and to hold them up for a few seconds. They may not be able to raise one of them to the same level as the other or to keep it there.
Speech - does their speech make sense or is it just random words? Is their speech coherent or is it slurred? You can ask someone who knows them, if there's someone there, if that's normal for them.
Time - get help on its way and get them to hospital ASAP.
Okay. So identifying strokes this way we've all come to know about. BUT this doesn't catch POSTERIOR (at the back) strokes. For these you need a different set of tests.
The first one is to put one hand palm up. Then with the other hand they need to tap that hand with their palm, then with the back of their hand, then the front again, then the back. And then repeat this a few times. They should do it as fast as possible (it's a coordination test). They need to do this with both hands / on both sides. If there are any problems, they need to go to urgently to hospital.
The second test is to hold up one of your fingers a few feet away from their face. Get them to cover one eye. Then with the other eye, get them to track your finger as you move it around. Repeat with the other eye. Again, any abnormalities and they should go to hospital as an emergency.
A third test is for you to put a finger about 3ft from their face, then ask them to touch their nose then your finger with one of their fingers. They should again do this with a finger from each hand and as fast as possible. As above, any problems and they need to go to hospital as an emergency.
An acronym you could use to remember this is PETT.
P - Palms
E - Eyes
T - Touch
T - Time
Other things you can do are to take a pulse rate and a respiratory rate. Also getting a medical history e.g. do they have any medical conditions or take any medications is really useful. Finding out when the symptoms started is very important as it makes a difference to how it's treated and to their potential recovery. And lastly, you can ask about any other symptoms they may have (e.g. a headache) - always useful information.
A pulse rate is how many beats you count over a minute, though you can do 30 seconds and times 2 if you like. The easiest pulse to check is the radial on the wrist. Just press against the bone on the underside of the arm by the wrist. A normal adult pulse rate is 60-100 beats a minutes.
The respiratory rate is how many complete breaths (in and out) a person takes in a minute. Again you can do this over 30 seconds and double it. The easiest way to measure it is to watch for their chest rising and lowering. A normal adult respiratory rate is 12 - 20 breaths over 1 minute.
Whilst there are times to take these over a full minute, the advantage of doing a pulse rate and respiratory rate over 30 seconds is that if someone knows you're doing their respiratory rate, they'll automatically change how they breath. So you can say that you are taking their pulse which they think you'll be doing for a minute, but in fact do each one for 30 seconds.
This will all be useful information for the emergency services.
Easy read
- FAST stands for Face, Arms, Speech and Time and is used to check for most strokes.
- Face - are both sides symmetrical, can they smile properly?
- Arms - can they raise both arms to an equal height? Can they keep them there?
- Speech - is their speech coherent or is it slurred? Are they making sense? Check what's normal for them.
- Time - to get them to the hospital. Call emergency services immediately.
- There are also POSTERIOR strokes that need different checks to identify them. You can use the acronym PETT for these checks.
- Palms - they should be able to tap one hand onto the palm of the other, flipping the hand over from front to back rapidly. They should do this with both hands.
- Eyes - they should be able to track your finger with their eyes, one eye at a time (the other one closed)
- Touch - they should be able to touch their nose then your finger with one of theirs (repeatedly / back and forth) as fast as possible. This should be done with each hand.
- Time - to get them to the hospital. Call emergency services immediately.
- Other things to do are to take a respiratory rate, a pulse rate, details of any medical conditions and of any medications.
- A pulse rate is the number of beats over 1 minute.
- A respiratory rate is the number of complete (in and out) breaths over 1 minute.
- When did their symptoms start?
- Any other symptoms?
Mandarin Chinese
- FAST dàibiǎo Face（miàn bù）、Arms（shǒu bì）、Speech（yán yǔ）hé Time（shí jiān），yòng yú jiǎn chá dà bù fèn zhōng fēng.
- Face (miàn bù) — liǎn bù liǎng cè shì fǒu duì chèn? Néng fǒu zhèng cháng wēi xiào?
- Arms (shǒu bì) — néng fǒu jiāng shuāng bì tái dào xiāng tóng de gāo dù? Néng fǒu bǎ tā men bǎo chí zài zhè ge wèi zhì?
- Speech (yán yǔ) — shuō huà shì fǒu lián guàn, hái shì hán hu zì? Shuō de huà shì fǒu yǒu yì yì? Yào zhù yì tā men píng shí zhèng cháng de shuō huà fāng shì.
- Time (shí jiān) — lì jí jiāng huàn zhě sòng wǎng yī yuàn. Lì jí bō dǎ jí jiù diàn huà.
- Hái yǒu yī xiē hòu xún huán zhōng fēng (posterior strokes), xū yào jìn xíng bù tóng de jiǎn chá cái néng shí bié. Kě yǐ shǐ yòng PETT zhè ge suō xiě lái jìn xíng zhè xiē jiǎn chá.
- Palms (shǒu zhǎng) — tā men yīng gāi néng gòu yòng yī zhī shǒu kuài sù pāi dǎ lìng yī zhī shǒu de shǒu zhǎng, tóng shí xùn sù jiāng shǒu cóng shǒu zhǎng cháo qián fān dào shǒu bèi cháo qián. Liǎng zhī shǒu dōu yīng gāi jìn xíng jiǎn chá.
- Eyes (yǎn jīng) — tā men yīng gāi néng gòu yòng yǎn jīng gēn suí nǐ de shǒu zhǐ yí dòng, měi cì jiǎn chá yī zhī yǎn jīng（lìng yī zhī yǎn jīng bì shàng）.
- Touch (chù mō) — tā men yīng gāi néng gòu yòng yī zhī shǒu de shǒu zhǐ chù pèng zì jǐ de bí zi, rán hòu chù pèng nǐ de shǒu zhǐ, fǎn fù lái huí, jǐn kě néng kuài sù de jìn xíng. Liǎng zhī shǒu dōu yīng gāi fēn bié jìn xíng.
- Time (shí jiān) — lì jí jiāng huàn zhě sòng wǎng yī yuàn. Lì jí bō dǎ jí jiù diàn huà.
- Lìng wài hái yīng jìn xíng qí tā jiǎn chá, bāo kuò cè liáng hū xī pín lǜ, mài bó pín lǜ, jì lù rèn hé yǐ zhī de jí bìng huò jiàn kāng zhuàng kuàng, yǐ jí zhèng zài fú yòng de yào wù.
- Mài bó pín lǜ shì zhǐ 1 fēn zhōng nèi xīn tiào de cì shù.
- Hū xī pín lǜ shì zhǐ 1 fēn zhōng nèi wán zhěng hū xī（xī qì hé hū qì）de cì shù.
- Tā men de zhèng zhuàng shì shén me shí hòu kāi shǐ de?
- Hái yǒu qí tā zhèng zhuàng ma?
Hindi
- FAST ka arth Face (chehra), Arms (baanhen), Speech (bolna) aur Time (samay) hai, aur iska istemaal adhikansh stroke ki jaanch ke liye kiya jaata hai.
- Face (chehra) — kya chehre ke dono hisse samaan aur sammit hain? Kya woh theek se muskura sakte hain?
- Arms (baanhen) — kya woh dono baanhon ko ek samaan oonchai tak utha sakte hain? Kya woh unhein wahin banaaye rakh sakte hain?
- Speech (bolna) — kya unki baat saaf aur samajhne layak hai ya unki boli ladkhada rahi hai? Kya woh jo keh rahe hain uska arth samajh mein aa raha hai? Yeh jaanch karein ki unka saamanya bolne ka tareeka kaisa hai.
- Time (samay) — unhein aspataal pahunchane ka samay hai. Turant aapaatkaaleen sevaon ko call karein.
- Kuch posterior strokes (dimaag ke pichhle hisse ke stroke) bhi hote hain, jinhein pehchaanne ke liye alag jaanch ki zaroorat hoti hai. In jaanchon ke liye PETT sankshipt naam ka istemaal kiya ja sakta hai.
- Palms (hatheliyaan) — unhein ek haath ki hatheli par doosre haath se tezi se thapthapane mein saksham hona chahiye, aur haath ko hatheli ki taraf se haath ki peeth ki taraf tezi se palatna chahiye. Yeh dono haathon se kiya jaana chahiye.
- Eyes (aankhen) — unhein apni aankhon se aapki ungli ki gati ka peecha karne mein saksham hona chahiye, ek samay mein ek aankh ki jaanch karein (doosri aankh band rakhein).
- Touch (sparsh) — unhein ek haath ki ungli se apni naak ko aur phir aapki ungli ko chhoona chahiye, aur ise jitni tezi se sambhav ho baar-baar aage-peeche karna chahiye. Yeh dono haathon se alag-alag kiya jaana chahiye.
- Time (samay) — unhein aspataal pahunchane ka samay hai. Turant aapaatkaaleen sevaon ko call karein.
- Iske alaava, shwasan dar, naadi ki gati, kisi bhi chikitsiya sthiti aur li ja rahi kisi bhi dawa ki jaankaari lena chahiye.
- Naadi ki gati 1 minute mein hone waali dil ki dhadkanon ki sankhya hai.
- Shwasan dar 1 minute mein hone waali poori saanson (saans andar lena aur baahar chhodna) ki sankhya hai.
- Unke lakshan kab shuru hue?
- Kya koi anya lakshan bhi hain?
Spanish
- Face (Cara) — ¿Ambos lados de la cara son simétricos? ¿Puede sonreír correctamente?
- Arms (Brazos) — ¿Puede levantar ambos brazos hasta la misma altura? ¿Puede mantenerlos en esa posición?
- Speech (Habla) — ¿Su habla es coherente o está arrastrando las palabras? ¿Tiene sentido lo que dice? Compruebe cuál es su forma habitual de hablar.
- Time (Tiempo) — es el momento de llevarle al hospital. Llame inmediatamente a los servicios de emergencia.
- También existen los ictus posteriores (posterior strokes), que requieren diferentes comprobaciones para identificarlos. Puede utilizar el acrónimo PETT para estas comprobaciones.
- Palms (Palmas) — debería poder dar rápidamente golpecitos con una mano sobre la palma de la otra, girando rápidamente la mano de la palma hacia el dorso y viceversa. Esto debe hacerse con ambas manos.
- Eyes (Ojos) — debería poder seguir con los ojos el movimiento de su dedo, comprobando un ojo cada vez (manteniendo el otro ojo cerrado).
- Touch (Tacto) — debería poder tocarse la nariz con un dedo y después tocar su dedo, repetidamente y de un lado a otro, lo más rápido posible. Esto debe hacerse con cada mano.
- Time (Tiempo) — es el momento de llevarle al hospital. Llame inmediatamente a los servicios de emergencia.
- Otras cosas que se deben hacer son medir la frecuencia respiratoria, la frecuencia del pulso y recoger información sobre cualquier enfermedad o problema de salud que tenga y sobre cualquier medicamento que esté tomando.
- La frecuencia del pulso es el número de latidos durante 1 minuto.
- La frecuencia respiratoria es el número de respiraciones completas (inspiración y espiración) durante 1 minuto.
- ¿Cuándo comenzaron sus síntomas?
- ¿Tiene algún otro síntoma?
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